Regardless of position, participants presented the angle of peak torque at the beginning of the isokinetic load range Discussion Similar isokinetic load ranges were observed across contraction modes and positions: side lying concentric (33.8 SD 1.0% of the ROM) and eccentric (33.5 SD 4.9% of the ROM), and standing concentric (34.2 SD 1.3% of the ROM) and eccentric (34.4 SD 3.2% of the ROM). The isokinetic and electromyography data set used in this study can be found as supplementary material (Appendix 1). This study was approved by the local ethical committee (CAAE 613383.0118, nº 1.933.707/2017) and all participants signed an informed written consent form, as per the Declaration of Helsinki. During the tests, myolectric activity of the tensor fascia lata, gluteus medius, inferior and superior portions of the gluteus maximus muscles was monitored. We assessed hip abductor strength in the side-lying and standing positions. This is a cross-sectional study with a convenience sample. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the magnitude of hip abductor torque as well as the myolectric activity of the tensor fascia lata, gluteus medius, and gluteus maximus (superior and inferior portions) muscles between side-lying and standing positions. Objective assessment of the myoelectric activity during testing can assist on the determination of the specific muscular demands associated with each position and then which one is more appropriate for a given goal. Different testing positions may lead to different recruitments of the tensor fascia lata and gluteal muscle, which may offer the opportunity to emphasize a specific muscle during testing. Besides their role in abducting the hip, the gluteal muscles are recognized as important hip extensor and external rotator muscles, contributing to the control of external moments in the hip sagittal and transverse planes during weight-bearing activities (Ferber et al., 2003 Souza and Powers, 2009). Hip abductor strength is usually evaluated in either the side-lying or standing positions (Castro et al., 2020), however no clear rationale for choosing one over the other is available and, currently, it is unclear whether these positions differ in terms of force production and muscle recruitment.Ībductor torque is primarily generated by the agonist contraction of the tensor fascia lata and the gluteal muscles. Isokinetic dynamometry is considered a reference standard for the assessment of hip muscle performance and for these measurements to be reliable and compared across studies, care must be taken with regard to the position used (Brown, 2000 Davies and Ellenbecker, 2012). Several lower limb and trunk musculoskeletal disorders, such as patellofemoral pain (Ramskov et al., 2015), iliotibial band syndrome (Fredericson et al., 2000), hip abductor pain syndrome (Bewyer and Bewyer, 2003), femoroacetabular impingement (Casartelli et al., 2011) and low back pain (Peterson and Denninger, 2017 Ramskov et al., 2015) have been associated to hip abduction weakness. The hip abductor muscles control the pelvis in the frontal plane and allow the maintenance of trunk position and dynamic balance during weight-bearing activities (MacKinnon and Winter 1993), especially those that require single-leg stance (MacKinnon and Winter 1993 Neumann, 2010). Impaired hip abduction strength is associated to excessive pelvic drop (hip adduction), low back transitory scoliosis and undesirable knee frontal plane movements during functional activity (MacKinnon and Winter 1993 Neumann, 2010 Powers, 2010).
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